Understanding Your Cholesterol Report

1. Total Cholesterol: the headline number

Total cholesterol is the sum of all cholesterol types in your blood. Below 200 mg/dL is desirable. But total cholesterol alone is a poor predictor of heart risk: a person with high HDL (protective) may have a high total cholesterol but low actual risk. Always look at the individual components.

2. LDL: the number that matters most

LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) is the primary driver of atherosclerosis. It deposits in artery walls. The lower your LDL, the lower your heart attack risk. For healthy adults: below 100 mg/dL is optimal. For people with diabetes, high blood pressure or previous heart attack: aim below 70 mg/dL. Statins primarily work by lowering LDL.

3. HDL: higher is better

HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) is the only cholesterol you want HIGH. It removes excess cholesterol from artery walls. Men need above 40 mg/dL, women above 50 mg/dL. Above 60 mg/dL is protective against heart disease. Raised by: exercise, weight loss, quitting smoking, moderate alcohol (in those who already drink), and niacin supplements.

4. Triglycerides: the sugar-fat connection

Triglycerides are fats stored from excess calories, especially from sugar, refined carbs and alcohol. Normal is below 150 mg/dL. Above 500 mg/dL is dangerous (pancreatitis risk). The best way to lower triglycerides is to cut sugar and refined carbohydrates: more effective than cutting fat.